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Triumph Electronics, builders of the 4 and 7 series for Vox – Part 1

Triumph Electronics – 118 and 122 Brighton Road, Purley – was, from the early 1960s, the company that did much of the designing and a certain amount of the production of various models of amps for Vox. Geoff Johnson was its founder and manager.

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On the left, 122 and 118 Brighton Road as they are today. The sliproad at left leads to a storage area. On the right, “Fitness First” – what used to be the entrance to the Orchid Ballroom, famous for jazz dance evenings, and later owned by Larry Page, manager of the Troggs. Now and again, amps were tried out in the ballroom.

Quite how Dick Denney found Triumph and Geoff Johnson is unrecorded, but it may be that names were known through mutual acquaintances and trade fairs. Johnson must have a fairly high profile in the late 50s. Trained in the Admiralty Signal and Radar Division during the war, he joined the Department of Electro-physiology (neurosurgery) at Hurstwood Hospital in 1948, remaining there until 1954, whereupon he joined Faraday Electronic Instruments in London. At some point around 1959, however, he left and set up Triumph in Purley, at first manufacturing and importing electronic instruments (medical and domestic). Johnson’s credentials were therefore impeccable.

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Above, an Oscillograph, developed and used at Hurstwood Hospital.

TRIUMPH, it should be said, also built AC50s, AC100s and reverb units for Vox.  By the time the 7-series came into being, though, production of AC50s had passed to Erith; and only a very few AC100s were asked for by Vox from Triumph in 66. But Triumph still produced Vox PA amps, and amps also for other makers. Work in other fields – devices for hospitals – continued too; and  Les Avery, Triumph’s chief electronic designer, built himself a colour television from scratch (see below).

A small team worked in conjunction with Denney and others at Vox on the 7-series: Simon and Graham are remembered by Carl Nielsen.

Dave Roffey, who worked at Triumph in the late 1960s, designing among other things the Vamp range of amps, recounts:

“As far as I remember, units he had started from the end of the building structure next to the ramp down to an underground car park. I used to take amps down there to blast out. Also in the Orchid when it was convenient. Two shops side by side from the end when I was there. The first, or end shop, ground floor was Geoff Johnson’s office, a room I used for designing amps and a third room with a drawing board etc in for layouts, pcb and chassis drawings, reference books etc. Stairs down to the basement led into the production and test area. Benches for about 8, bending press and guillotine. This might have been spread into next doors basement, but it wasn’t a very large area.”

“Out the back was a common path way behind the buildings. Triumph rented space underneath the Orchid for stock etc access via this walkway. The shop area next door (no. 118) was mainly a stock room for components. A Mrs Andrews, a French lady, was fiercely in charge I remember. Les Avery, the designer of the transistor gear had an office in there, and there also was ECG machine equipment somehow involved with it all. Les designed a colour television, had strong links with RCA and semiconductors, finally going over to them, which is where I came in. I put the first distortion “bite” controls in valve pre amps, which was a hell of struggle considering it was a big no no for the “clean are us” brigade. And a proper middle control! There were some chassis made at Triumph, but quantities came from South Croydon, as did circuit boards when they started to be used. I did a design for the AC30 pcb at one stage I remember.”

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The Beatles – prototypes – Construction / Styling

Prototypes – The Beatles

 

It seems that the earliest working prototypes seen were the ones actually issued to the Beatles,  the first of which arrived sometime around the start of the recording sessions for Revolver, around April 1966.  These UL-7120, 120-watt heads were smaller than production 7/4series 120-watters,  looking very much like size of the smaller 730 size heads.  They were  actually just a fraction smaller than the 730 though , slightly less wide/tall/deep, being  22.5″ by 8.25″ x 11.25″  (the 730 being 23″ x 9″ x 11.5″).

7120_66_2There were other differences too; from the rear,  photos show that the valves were mounted on slightly angled bases, and the rear section could be removed for access to these valves.  This only featured on the early prototypes; it was probably hoped that this would help to ventilate some of the heat from the cramped space of the smaller cabinets.

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The Beatles amps lacked the ventilation space of the “large box”  production sized cabinets; in fact it’s hard to see how they even fitted the transformers in, if they were the regular upright configuration (see HERE for comparison with 730 size chassis).   Maybe this is why the Beatles amps uniquely had doubled up rows of vents on the top; in the colour pic, you can see VOX’s attention to styling/detail in the way the inner vents were a slightly lighter shade of grey.   Some of the transformers for the new line were made by Douglas Chapman.  7120rearcolour

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The front panels were diferent too, with different placing/styling/accenting of control legends, a smaller VOX logo, and less evenly placed diamond motif.

 

Paul’s amp had a “BASS” legend upper right front; John and George’s had none.

 

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The Beatles – prototypes 2 – ‘special amps’

“SPECIAL AMPS”

In the May 1966 issue of The Beatles Book, a small article appeared under the heading SPECIAL AMPS:  “Vox have designed new 150 watt amps specially for the Beatles, which are half as powerful again as their previous ones [AC100s].  The only trouble is that Mal isn’t too happy with the new additions because he can hardly move them.  You can imagine how heavy they are, because as you know, Mal can lift most equipment very easily.”

The amps in question were Vox UL7120s which had arrived in April:

Above, the Beatles in Studio 3 at Abbey Road, recording “Revolver”

and which were first seen in public at the NME Pollwinner’s Concert, 1st May:
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Above, contact sheets of shots from the NME Poll Winner’s Concert at Wembley Pool in 1966.  The Rolling Stones’ and Beatles’ performances were not recorded due to contractual difficulties. Below, stills from the fabulous collection of material held by Getty Images.

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The Beatles’ 7120s – collectanea

Reliable report says that Lennon’s amp, sold at auction in New York in 1998 , conforms to the standard 7120 circuit; only one capacitor and one resistor are positioned differently in relation to the (later) amps examined by our source.

Alan Harding, an engineer at Vox in the 1960s, indicated separately that JMI/Vox did not do things differently for bands, ie. the Beatles received the production model of the time. The early style of box with removable back panel in AH’s view was not specifically a means of aiding valve replacement (at least during live shows).  Concern centred more on whether the speaker cabs would handle the power of the new amps.  The removable back panel presumably followed on from the design of existing boxes (AC50s and AC100s), but was then changed.

In none of the surviving / known photos of the band on stage can a spare amp be seen (though a spare cab was provided at first). Vox/Triumph evidently felt confident about reliability – the amps did contain transistors after all :-).

And few problems seem to have arisen – the Beatles used their small box 7120s from May-August 1966, both in the studio and on stage.

Paul’s amp had a BASS logo to distinguish it from John and George’s; and presumably its tone stack was voiced along the lines of a 4120, effectively only one resistor and capacitor value different from a 7120, but a huge difference in terms of the sound obtainable from channel 1. The BASS logo doubtless served to stop Mal Evans putting this amp inadvertently on John or George’s cabs. Otherwise why the logo at all?

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Several questions revolve around Paul’s amp though: why did it *apparently* have effects? Does tremolo work with a bass? Could the electronics inside simply have been those of a 4120, but the panel that of a 7120 to match John and George’s?

The intention seems to have been, at some stage, to build small-chassis small-box 7120s in a run, ie. not just for the Beatles. Standard 4120 and 7120 transformers fit perfectly, albeit snugly, on the chassis of a 730 – and as we know, the Beatles amps were, give or take a fraction of an inch here and there, that size (ie. the size of a 730). Hardly an accident.

The power amp schematic for the 4120/7120 (the two amps are identical) is dated 17-3-1966. The preamp schematic for the 7120, as we have it, dates from Nov. 1966, but gives the initial date of release as 25-4-1966, which is close to when the Beatles first received their amps. Unfortunately the schematic omits some intermediary changes in the circuit (which can be seen in surviving amps).

The preamp schematic for the 4120 is dated 20-4-1966

 

TWO VERY GOOD REASONS NOT TO BUILD A RUN OF 7120s ON SMALL CHASSIS

1) The cost and labour involved in forming sloping cutaways on the chassis for the valves.

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2) The huge fiddle of fitting components in the exceedingly tight space in the well of the upper chassis.

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Cabs for the Beatles’ 7120s

FOUR CABS

Below, a detail from the famous picture of the Beatles’ gear at Hong Kong airport, a transit stopping off point on the way to Manila, the final concert of the Far East jaunt of the summer 1966 tour. In the background, to the right, are four cabs with trolleys. These are 4/7 series cabs. A couple of the trolleys have their top sections detached, which accounts for the difference in heights.

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The second cab from the right seems to have lost a wheel, the fourth cab was a backup / replacment….

At least one of the cabs was open backed, as can be seen (more…)

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Tours (aka Moving the Beatles’ 7120s around)

MOVING THE AMPS AROUND

On the German tour in Summer 1966 (24th – 26th June), the first tour on which the 7120s were used, The Beatles Book (July issue, 1966, p. 29) records – “The Beatles did their date-to-date travelling in Germany by Pullman coach instead of by car – this way they were able to eat and sleep in comfort whilst journeying to their destinations. Mal [Mal Evans, their roadie], however, travelled in another coach with the equipment and the rest of their entourage.”

Probably the most famous photo of the amps in transit is the one taken at Hong Kong airport on the way to the notorious concert in Manila. One can see the four cabs and trolleys in the background.

 

 

CONCERTS 1966 – the 7120s on stage

The 7120s were used six times live on stage:

May 1st: NME Pollwinner’s Concert at Wembley Pool
24 June: Munich, Circus-Krone-Bau
25 June: Essen, Grugahalle
26 June: Hamburg, Ernst Merck Halle
2 July: Tokyo, Budokan
4 July: Manila, Araneta Colosseum

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The last public view of the amps was at the infamous concert in Manila – infamous largely due to the rough treatment accorded the Beatles after missing tea with Imelda Marcos, wife of the president.

Thereafter, so far as we know, the amps were confined to the studio, though there is more to the story than meets the eye………..see further below.

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beatles in Manila (large pics)

There’s a tiny bit of footage HERE showing the actual concert;  when the Beatles tried to leave Manila, they were roughed up by guards who believed they had offended Imelda Marcos.  The band describe how the Road Manager had to carry the amplifiers and equipment up an escalator at the airport which had been deliberately switched off.   No mean feat, especially with the rare prototype super-sized cabinets the Beatles used;  the difficulty of shifting them in ordinary conditions had previously been commented on (see here), so there must have been a temptation to leave the cabinets behind.  It seems they got themselves and the amps out safely at least.  (An undated but probably later pic on a Los-Brincos single cover could be seen as showing the Beatles proto amps and cabs safely back at Abbey Road).

There was no trouble at the concert itself though, at least as far as the guards were concerned – though they did battle with the humidity and the p.a. equipment. (more…)

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Large box amps – early promotional pictures

EARLY PROMOTIONAL PICTURES
(first pictured in the Vox Story, ed. Dick Denney and Dave Petersen)

In 1993, the “Vox Story”, a history of the company written by Dave Petersen, electronics guru extraordinaire, and Dick Denney, designer of the AC30 and much, much more, brought to light two curious promotional pictures of 7-series amps:

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los Brincos, Abbey Road ’67 / Beatles 7series prototypes?


The Spanish band Los Brincos recorded in Abbey Road in 1967.   It has been mentioned elsewhere that they were recording in Studio 3 at Abbey Road, under the production of Geoff Emerick;  what hasn’t been noticed before is that they appear to have been using at least 7series amps, and possibly even the Beatles own prototype 7series.

The band apparently wanted the sound of the Beatles they had been listening to, with the skills of Emerick, at Abbey Road;  if the Beatles amps were still in ‘storage’ in a cupboard at Studio 3, then it seems at least possible that Emerick may have suggested they use the exact Beatles amps, that were there to use.    Going against that, though, is the fact that they returned to London, either in late 67 or spring 68, and recorded in another studio with Larry Page.  They were photographed again at a different studio (Piccadilly)  – this time  using another interesting combination, a 7120 head (a regular production sized model) – presumably attached between (or balancing precariously between)  two 4120 or 7120 cabinets in trolleys behind them. The unusual arrangement is suggestive of the ‘super stack’ setup, though the cabs are in individual trolleys.  When asked if these might have been the Troggs amps, Larry Page said he  couldn’t say for certain, but didn’t think they were.

  (more…)

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Rome Festival, May 1968

First European International Pop Festival

Walls of 4 and 7 series amps at the Palazzo del Sport, Rome, May 1968

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Above, stills from Pink Floyd’s set – two large 7120/4120 cabinets in view, five 760/460 cabinets, and a least three 4120/7120 amps – there are also amps and cabs out of picture.

For more on Pink Floyd and further links, click here.

Below, a short film on the concert, describing the delight and chaos of the event.   The scene is set by the narrator with measured deadliness as Julie Driscoll, Brian Auger and the Trinity are shown arriving at Rome airport:

“their music was to be a high spot in a festival combining chaos and disaster with high hopes and lofty ambition”.

Excerpts are shown of: Captain Beefheart, The Nice, Donovan, The Move, Julie Driscoll, and The Samurai. Carl Wayne of the The Move towards the end of the clip has more or less the last word, a pyrotechnic display having blown up the stage and some of the equipment.

Click on the image below to play the video in a new window:

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Below, a 4120 amp and two 460/760 cabs in a music shop in Italy. Perhaps survivors of the event above, though there is no way of telling – a striking thing nonetheless.

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